Squab pigeon farming produces young pigeons for meat markets, primarily in Asia and France — with welfare challenges from intensive housing and slaughter of very young birds.
Farmed pigeon welfare receives very little regulatory or welfare science attention despite the significant numbers involved. Pigeons are intelligent birds with complex social needs; intensive housing in small breeding cages prevents natural behaviour. The welfare of the adult breeding birds — confined in pairs for extended periods with minimal space — is particularly concerning. Squab slaughter at a very young age raises questions about developmental welfare. As with other intensive bird farming, enrichment, appropriate space, and humane slaughter are the primary welfare levers available in a sector that is largely unregulated.