Wolverines depend on deep snow for denning and food caching, making them highly vulnerable to climate warming impacts on snowpack.
Wolverines denied adequate snow conditions for denning experience reproductive failure and kit mortality. As climate warming reduces snowpack, wolverines must travel further to find suitable den sites, increasing energy expenditure. Reduced prey caching success increases nutritional stress. Habitat fragmentation compounds climate vulnerability by preventing range shifts. Individuals in isolated populations face inbreeding stress and reduced resilience.