Turtle doves have declined over 98% in the UK from hunting, habitat loss, and disease, requiring urgent welfare and conservation action.
Turtle doves shot during migration suffer direct welfare harm. Disease outbreaks at bird feeders spread trichomonosis causing fatal crop lesions. Starvation from loss of seed-rich farmland weeds causes nutritional stress during migration preparation. The accumulation of pressures has caused near-extinction-level decline. Each remaining individual's welfare is ecologically significant.