Fertility control programs for urban pigeons offer a humane and effective alternative to lethal population management methods.
Pigeons killed through trapping, poisoning, or shooting experience acute suffering. Lethal control is ineffective long-term because vacant territories are rapidly filled by incoming birds. Fertility control programs at consistent feeding stations stabilize populations over 3-5 years without causing suffering to existing birds. They also allow health monitoring and individual bird welfare attention that culling programs do not.