Badger welfare is linked to their complex social structure in setts that persecution and disease disrupts.
Badger social groups disrupted by sett destruction, persecution, or cull operations experience long-term social fragmentation. Dispersing badgers that have lost their social group show elevated stress and increased ranging behavior that paradoxically increases TB transmission. The welfare case against disruptive culling is reinforced by evidence that it may worsen the disease it aims to control.