Livestock

Yak Farming Welfare on High Plateaus

Yaks are vital to livelihoods on the Tibetan Plateau and in central Asian highlands, where they face increasing pressure from intensification and climate stress.

Key Facts

Approximately 14-15 million yaks exist worldwide, mostly in China and central Asia
Yaks are adapted to extreme cold and altitude but struggle in heat above 13 degC
Intensified stall-feeding reduces exercise and causes stereotypic behaviours
Hybrid dzo (yak-cattle crosses) often have reduced cold adaptation
Yak nose-roping for control causes chronic nasal pain and inflammation

Welfare Considerations

Traditional extensive yak herding generally supports good welfare, but intensification for dairy and meat production introduces stall confinement, shortened calving intervals and early weaning. Veterinary care is sparse at high altitudes. Improving pain management during routine procedures and phasing out nose-roping are priority welfare improvements.

What You Can Do

Support NGOs working on veterinary capacity in high-altitude pastoral communities
Advocate for animal welfare standards in yak milk and fibre supply chains
Encourage research into low-stress handling methods for yak
Raise awareness of yak welfare when purchasing yak wool or meat products