Selective breeding for production traits has created livestock breeds with serious welfare problems. Genetic selection can equally be applied to improve welfare.
Selective breeding has created livestock breeds that are efficient producers but poor welfare subjects. The genetic architecture of modern broiler chickens prioritises muscle growth over musculoskeletal health, creating endemic lameness. High-yield dairy genetics create metabolic stress through milk production that exceeds physiological homeostasis. However, the same genetic tools can be applied to welfare improvement. Selecting for reduced lameness, improved leg health, longer productive life in dairy, and resilience to disease can improve welfare without sacrificing productivity. The Welfare Quality assessment framework provides welfare phenotypes that can be incorporated into breeding programs.