Poorly designed cubicles are a major source of dairy cow lameness and injury. Correct sizing, bedding, and neck rail positioning are critical for cow welfare.
Cubicle housing represents a major welfare risk factor for dairy cows when poorly designed. Cows that cannot lie down comfortably reduce lying time, causing increased standing which exacerbates foot problems. Lying in cubicles requires a forward lunge movement that is prevented by incorrectly positioned neck rails. Inadequate cubicle numbers or dimensions cause competition, with lower-ranking cows excluded. Sand bedding reduces mastitis risk and improves cow comfort compared to concrete and rubber. Good cubicle design is one of the highest-impact, most cost-effective welfare improvements available to dairy farmers.