Multiple macaw species face extinction from deforestation, nest poaching, and illegal trade, with welfare harms occurring at each stage of their persecution.
Macaw chicks removed from nests by poachers experience sudden removal from parents and sibling groups, causing acute stress and nutritional disruption. Transit stress and inappropriate early diet cause high chick mortality in the illegal trade. Captive macaws without pair bonds, environmental complexity, and cognitive enrichment develop chronic psychological suffering expressed through self-mutilation and stereotypic behaviour. Deforestation removes nest trees and food sources, causing nutritional stress and reduced breeding success in remaining wild populations.