Mutual grooming is an important social behaviour in cattle that strengthens bonds and provides comfort. Housing that prevents natural social interaction compromises this aspect of welfare.
Mutual grooming serves both physiological and social functions in cattle. The physical contact stimulates endogenous opioid release and has measurable calming effects on both groomer and recipient. The act strengthens social bonds and is associated with positive welfare states. Housing systems that prevent social interaction — individual tethering, narrow stall design that prevents neck reaching — deny this natural behaviour and its welfare benefits. Group housing that allows animals to engage in natural social repertoires including grooming represents a welfare improvement over systems that prevent such contact.