Goats are agile, curious, and social animals whose welfare requirements including climbing opportunities and social contact are frequently inadequate in both farm and smallholder settings.
Goat welfare failures in smallholder and pet settings are common because purchasers underestimate their complex needs. Social isolation, inadequate shelter, and lack of browsing opportunity cause chronic stress and health problems. Housing goats in pairs or groups, providing shelter with dry bedding, and allowing browsing access addresses their fundamental needs. Respiratory management through appropriate ventilation reduces the most common health welfare problem.