Domestic cats kept exclusively indoors face significant enrichment challenges, and without adequate stimulation they frequently develop behavioural and physical health problems that compromise their wellbeing.
Indoor housing eliminates road traffic, predation, and infectious disease risks, but creates a behavioural environment fundamentally different from what cats are adapted to. Without stimulation, indoor cats sleep excessively, become obese, over-groom, or develop elimination problems. Environmental enrichment that simulates hunting - puzzle feeders, interactive wand toys, and food hidden around the home - significantly improves mental stimulation. Providing a catio or controlled garden access gives cats sensory enrichment while maintaining safety.