The optimal age for spaying and neutering companion animals is an active area of veterinary research, with growing evidence that early neutering can increase health risks in some breeds.
Early neutering removes hormone-dependent developmental processes that appear important for musculoskeletal development in large dogs. Increased rates of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and hip dysplasia in early-neutered Labradors and golden retrievers cause significant chronic pain. Delayed neutering requires careful management to prevent unwanted breeding but may substantially reduce long-term welfare compromise.