Pain management for routine procedures and disease treatment in commercial pig production is inadequate in the majority of systems globally, causing preventable suffering at enormous scale.
Pigs experience acute pain during surgical mutilations performed without anaesthesia; the evidence from behaviour, physiology and facial expression is unambiguous. Post-operative pain may last days. Routine painful procedures normalised by industry practice represent preventable suffering at the scale of hundreds of millions of animals annually. Regulatory requirements for pain relief during and after procedures are the most impactful single intervention available.