Inadequate exercise is one of the most common welfare problems in companion dogs, contributing to obesity, behavioural problems, and chronic frustration.
Chronic under-exercise causes physical and psychological welfare harm in dogs. Physically, it contributes to obesity and associated musculoskeletal problems. Psychologically, it leaves energy unused that becomes redirected into destructive or anxious behaviours. Working breeds selected for high drive and stamina are particularly susceptible when placed in sedentary households. Matching breed exercise needs to owner lifestyle at the point of acquisition is a crucial welfare decision.