The amount of space provided to pigs directly determines their ability to perform natural behaviours, avoid aggression, and maintain physical and psychological health.
Space allowance is a fundamental determinant of pig welfare because it controls the ability of subordinate animals to escape from dominant pen-mates and the capacity to perform basic natural behaviours. At minimum legal stocking densities, pigs cannot simultaneously perform lying, feeding, and exploring behaviours without conflict. Higher space allowances reduce aggression, injury, and the need for tail docking. The relationship between space and welfare is well-established and should drive stronger minimum standards.