Horse Colic Welfare and Prevention

Colic is the leading cause of premature death in horses and a frequent cause of severe abdominal pain, making prevention and early treatment central to equine welfare.

Key Facts

Colic accounts for approximately 28% of equine deaths in the UK
Severity ranges from mild impaction that resolves with walking to life-threatening surgical conditions
Risk factors include inadequate forage, rapid diet changes, limited water access, and reduced exercise
Veterinary attention should be sought promptly for any horse showing colic signs
Surgical colic treatment at referral centres saves many lives but involves significant welfare costs during recovery

Welfare Considerations

Equine colic represents one of the most severe acute welfare events in companion animal ownership. The abdominal pain of severe colic — particularly small intestinal displacement or large colon volvulus — is intense and life-threatening. A horse with severe colic that is not treated promptly suffers greatly and deteriorates rapidly. Prevention through management — ad-lib forage, gradual diet changes, adequate water access, and regular movement — significantly reduces colic incidence. Owner education in recognising early colic signs and seeking prompt veterinary attention is essential to minimising welfare costs when colic does occur.

What You Can Do

Feed horses ad-lib forage and make any diet changes gradually over 10-14 days
Ensure constant access to clean water, especially in hot weather or after exercise
Learn to recognise the signs of colic — pawing, looking at flanks, rolling, sweating
Contact a vet immediately if you suspect colic — early treatment improves outcomes significantly