Electric eels, capable of producing 600-volt discharges, face welfare challenges in captive environments that cannot replicate their complex Amazonian habitat requirements.
Electric eels in aquarium environments lacking environmental complexity including hiding places, appropriate substrate, and adequate space show stereotypic repetitive swimming indicating chronic stress and frustration. Their electroreceptive system means they are sensitive to electromagnetic interference from pumps and filtration equipment that does not affect fish with conventional sensory systems. Injuries from electric discharges during handling cause welfare concerns for both the animals and handlers. The complexity of their sensory world suggests a richer subjective experience than simpler fish, implying greater capacity for suffering in inadequate conditions.