Wildlife rehabilitation centres provide vital support for injured and orphaned animals, but standards vary enormously and welfare outcomes are poorly documented.
Rehabilitation itself causes stress through handling, confinement, and exposure to novel stimuli. Procedures including feeding, wound care, and medication cause pain. For some species including many birds of prey, captivity induces fear responses that never fully habituate. The welfare calculus of rehabilitation requires honest assessment of release success rates and quality of life during care.