Research Animals

Macaques in Biomedical Research

Macaques are the most commonly used non-human primates in biomedical research, with welfare needs that demand exceptional standards of care.

Key Facts

Approximately 70,000 non-human primates are used in research in the EU annually
Macaques are highly social species that require complex social housing
The EU Directive 2010/63/EU requires primates to be housed in social groups where possible
Wild-caught primates are still used in some countries despite welfare concerns about capture
Breeding colonies in Europe are being expanded to reduce reliance on wild-caught animals

Welfare Considerations

Macaques deprived of social contact develop severe psychological disturbances including self-mutilation and stereotypic behaviours. Their intelligence means environmental impoverishment causes significant cognitive frustration. Research procedures cause acute pain and stress that must be managed. The moral cost of primate research is recognised in its designation as requiring special justification under most animal welfare legislation.

What You Can Do

Support the 3Rs Centre and alternative method development
Advocate for complete phaseout of wild-caught primates in research
Back social housing requirements for all research primates
Support mandatory welfare reporting on primate research outcomes
Engage with research ethics consultations that oversee primate studies