Pigs are among the most cognitively sophisticated farm animals, with demonstrated capacities for problem-solving, self-recognition, and empathy — making conventional intensive housing deeply problematic.
Pigs in barren environments develop learned helplessness and stereotypic behaviors including bar-biting and rooting on empty floors. Their cognitive sophistication means boredom causes psychological suffering beyond what a less cognitively complex animal would experience. Enrichment with straw, rooting materials, and social complexity transforms pig welfare outcomes.