Accreditation bodies like AZA and EAZA set welfare standards for member zoos, but coverage varies globally and many facilities operate without any welfare oversight.
Accredited zoos have demonstrated genuine welfare improvements — enrichment programs, naturalistic habitats, and active conservation partnerships. Non-accredited facilities range from excellent to deeply problematic, with some keeping animals in conditions that cause chronic suffering. Consumer choice — visiting only accredited institutions — creates market pressure for standards.