Some African national parks face overpopulation of elephants that degrades habitat. Immunocontraception provides a humane alternative to culling that maintains elephant welfare and social structure.
Traditional elephant culling involved killing entire family groups to prevent orphans — causing mass trauma and death. Contraception avoids all of this, maintaining intact social structures while limiting reproduction. The welfare difference between culling and contraception is enormous — contraception is the most welfare-positive approach to elephant population management where necessary.