Nile monitors are large, highly intelligent African lizards that have established invasive populations in Florida and are widely sold in the pet trade with significant welfare implications.
Nile monitors are frequently sold cheaply in the pet trade as small hatchlings without adequate disclosure of their adult size, aggression, and care requirements. Most end up in inadequate enclosures and are surrendered, released, or neglected when they reach adult size. Released individuals in Florida have established populations that predate on native turtle eggs, bird nests, and small mammals with ecological consequences. Adult Nile monitors require enclosures of several square meters minimum, varied prey, and specialist veterinary care. Their powerful claws and strong bite make them dangerous for inexperienced handlers. Their intelligence means environmental enrichment is important for welfare. The ban on interstate transport has not stopped Florida populations from growing.