Capuchin monkeys have been used as service animals and are popular in the pet trade, raising significant welfare concerns about their use and housing.
Capuchins trained as service animals undergo intensive conditioning from very young ages, with methods that cause significant stress. Animals kept as service or pet animals without conspecific social contact develop self-directed aggression, stereotypic behaviour, and chronic anxiety. Capuchin monkeys in the pet trade are often kept in conditions that cannot replicate the complex social and environmental stimulation they require. When pet capuchins become unmanageable as adults, they are surrendered to sanctuaries where social rehabilitation may take years. Their long lifespan of 40+ years means welfare failures in captivity affect individuals for decades.