Illegal killing of birds of prey remains a significant welfare and conservation issue across the UK and Europe, with poisoning, shooting, and trapping causing preventable suffering and population declines.
Illegally persecuted raptors die by some of the most prolonged and painful means available. Carbofuran and other pesticide poisons cause severe neurological symptoms including seizures and hemorrhage before death over hours. Leg-hold traps cause fractures and prolonged suffering before discovery. Shot birds may escape with injuries leading to slow death. Poisoned carrion baits kill not only target raptors but other scavenging species including red kites, buzzards, and badgers. The persecutors of raptors operate with near-impunity in remote upland areas with low detection rates. Satellite tagging has demonstrated persecution by documenting the disappearance of birds over managed grouse moors. Vicarious liability legislation that makes landowners responsible for persecution by their employees is considered essential for enforcement.