Environmental enrichment for farmed pigs is legally required in the EU but inconsistently implemented, with research showing significant welfare and production benefits from effective enrichment.
Pig enrichment research has comprehensively demonstrated welfare and production benefits, yet implementation remains incomplete across the EU and globally. Straw, the most effective enrichment material, allows natural rooting and investigation behavior and dramatically reduces tail biting. However, it is incompatible with fully slatted flooring systems that dominate intensive pig housing because it blocks slat drainage. Alternatives including rubber mats, hanging chains, and wooden beams provide some enrichment but are less effective than substrate-based enrichment. Mushroom substrate, peat, and compost can provide effective enrichment on slatted systems. Enforcement of enrichment requirements is inconsistent, with some inspectors accepting hanging chains as adequate despite evidence that they are insufficient. The economic case for enrichment is increasingly demonstrated through reduced tail biting, lower veterinary costs, and improved growth performance.