Gestation crates confine pregnant sows in spaces barely larger than their bodies. The transition to group housing is underway globally, with evidence showing it can maintain productivity while dramatically improving welfare.
Gestation crates cause both physical and psychological suffering. Physical problems include muscle atrophy, skin lesions, and foot problems. Psychological problems include boredom, frustration, and stereotypic bar-biting. Group housing with good management is not only possible but increasingly standard, demonstrating that welfare improvement and commercial viability are compatible.