The management of wild horse populations in North America involves controversial roundup methods that cause significant welfare impacts on mustangs, raising questions about humane alternatives.
Helicopter roundups create extreme fear responses in horses as they are driven at speed over rough terrain. Injuries during roundups are common, and the stress of capture and confinement causes lasting psychological impacts on wild horses accustomed to freedom. Fertility control programs using PZP vaccine offer a welfare-friendly alternative that is gaining traction.