Veterinary care costs are the leading reason for euthanasia of treatable conditions in companion animals, making pet insurance a significant animal welfare issue.
The welfare gap created by veterinary cost barriers is substantial and socially unequal. Animals owned by people with less financial stability are more likely to receive inadequate care, delayed treatment, or euthanasia for treatable conditions. Low-income households often form strong bonds with their companion animals but are systematically disadvantaged in accessing the care those animals need. Pet insurance can bridge this gap, but coverage is complex and pre-existing conditions are typically excluded. Low-cost veterinary clinics and veterinary school clinics provide partial solutions but are geographically limited. The welfare case for expanding access to veterinary care is inseparable from questions of economic equity.