Cities create unique welfare challenges for wildlife forced to adapt to human infrastructure, food, and traffic.
Urban wildlife faces a gauntlet of human-created hazards: vehicles, glass windows, domestic cats, rat poison that kills up to the fourth level of the food chain, and traps set by pest controllers. Animals that adapt to urban foraging often develop nutritional diseases from inappropriate diets. Urban foxes with mange, deer with leg injuries from fences, and birds with foot deformities from urban pollution are common welfare casualties.