Laying Hen Bone Density and Welfare

Bone fractures in laying hens represent one of the most prevalent welfare problems in poultry production.

Key Facts

Up to 35% of hens in cage systems die with broken bones
High egg production depletes calcium from bones, causing osteoporosis
Hens in enriched cages have better bone density than those in conventional cages
Free-range and aviary systems allow bone-strengthening exercise
Bone fractures cause chronic pain that affects behavior and productivity

Welfare Considerations

Osteoporosis and resulting fractures are a defining welfare crisis of egg production. Calcium channeled into eggshell production comes partly from structural bone, progressively weakening the skeleton. Hens in cage systems cannot exercise to maintain bone density. Fractures during depopulation — when hens are removed by catching crews — are extremely common. Breeding for high egg production without corresponding bone strength has created a systemic welfare failure requiring both housing reform and genetic selection changes.

What You Can Do

Choose eggs from certified higher-welfare systems that allow exercise
Advocate for the phasing out of conventional cage systems
Support legislation requiring welfare standards in egg production
Encourage retailers to commit to cage-free timelines
Donate to organizations campaigning for laying hen welfare reform