Hermit crabs are complex crustaceans whose welfare needs are rarely met in the pet trade.
Hermit crab welfare in captivity is severely compromised by misunderstanding of their needs. Typical pet store setups — small plastic tanks, gravel substrate, painted shells — cause slow death from stress, failed molts, and dehydration. Hermit crabs show stress responses including prolonged hiding, self-isolation, and abnormal limb loss. The scale of suffering is enormous given millions sold annually. Evidence suggests crabs are sentient and capable of learning. The pet trade drives wild capture that also impacts source populations.