American bison are being restored to portions of their range, requiring attention to both ecological and welfare dimensions.
Bison restoration raises important welfare questions about what constitutes a good life for these animals. Ranched bison may have adequate food and veterinary care but lack the social complexity, roaming distances, and behavioral repertoire of wild bison. Truly wild populations face management pressures including culling at park boundaries, brucellosis concerns, and conflicts with ranching. Welfare-centered restoration involves protecting large enough areas for natural herd behavior, migration, and social organization.