The transport of livestock over long distances causes significant suffering that can be reduced through better regulation and shorter journeys.
Long-distance livestock transport causes suffering at every stage. Loading and unloading involves unfamiliar handling, noise, and contact with strangers. High-density vehicles with poor ventilation cause heat stress. Extended journeys without rest, food, and water cause dehydration, exhaustion, and injury from falls and fighting. Animals that arrive in poor condition face inadequate rest before slaughter. The economic incentive for live transport — receiving higher prices in destination countries — comes entirely at the expense of animal welfare. Replacing live export with chilled meat trade would eliminate transport welfare problems while preserving trade value.