Dental disease affects the majority of pet rabbits and causes chronic pain. Diet and selective breeding are the primary causes, and prevention is possible.
Dental disease is among the most common and most painful conditions affecting companion rabbits, yet it remains underrecognized. The root cause is often dietary: rabbits evolved to eat tough grass that wears teeth evenly, but many pet rabbits are fed pellets and insufficient hay. Without adequate fiber, teeth grow unevenly, causing painful spurs that lacerate the tongue and cheeks. Rabbits cannot vomit and hide pain signs well, so owners may not recognize problems until disease is advanced. Education about appropriate diet is the primary preventive intervention.