Birds of Prey in Falconry and Captivity: Welfare Standards

Falconry is an ancient practice involving a complex human-raptor relationship. Modern welfare standards for birds of prey in falconry and display reflect evolving understanding of raptor needs.

Key Facts

Falconry has been practiced for over 3,000 years and is listed as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage
Falconry birds are tethered to perches for much of their time, which can cause foot problems
Well-managed falconry birds fly daily, maintaining fitness, and have human-animal relationships that reduce stress
Display birds used in shows may fly less frequently and experience repeated public exposure stress
The British Falconers Club and other organizations have developed welfare guidelines for falconry

Welfare Considerations

Falconry welfare exists on a spectrum from excellent to poor depending on management. Well-managed falconry involves birds that fly daily in a true hunting or exercise context, maintaining physical fitness and engaging in natural flight behavior. The bond between falconer and bird, while not equivalent to a companionship relationship with social species, provides psychological engagement for animals that would otherwise be confined. Poor falconry management involves sedentary birds tethered for extended periods, infrequent flying, and inadequate social or environmental stimulation. Display birds at tourist attractions represent a different welfare concern — frequent exposure to crowds, minimal flight, and often inadequate management staffing.

What You Can Do

Support falconry welfare guidelines that specify minimum flying frequency and management standards
Advocate for welfare auditing of display bird facilities at tourist attractions
Choose falconry experiences operated by practitioners demonstrating genuine bird welfare commitment
Oppose falconry operations that prioritize display over the birds flying needs