Dairy calves are the hidden welfare story behind milk production. Male calves and calves separated from their mothers face welfare challenges that receive less attention than adult cow welfare.
Dairy calf welfare is inextricably linked to milk production but receives less public attention than adult cow welfare. The separation of calves from their mothers within hours of birth causes acute distress in both animals that welfare science clearly documents. Calves show elevated cortisol, reduced lying and feeding, and sustained vocalization after separation. Mothers call for their calves for days and search for them repeatedly. Male dairy calves have historically been killed at birth as an unwanted by-product — a practice that is increasingly opposed through rose veal and beef cross programs that give these calves a life and welfare standards. Extended contact systems that allow calves to remain with their mothers for several weeks show welfare benefits and are practiced in some organic and high-welfare production systems.