Nubian goats are prized for their rich milk but face welfare challenges in intensive dairy systems including disbudding, kid separation, and inadequate social housing.
The separation of kids from their mothers immediately after birth is one of the most stressful experiences for both the doe and the kid. Research shows elevated cortisol levels and vocalisation rates that persist for days. Disbudding without anaesthesia causes acute pain and should be replaced by pain management protocols. Goats in enriched environments with climbing structures and social groups show markedly better welfare indicators.