Adequate weather protection for livestock is both a legal requirement and a fundamental welfare need that varies by species and season.
Weather protection requirements vary by species biology, body condition, and production stage. Healthy, well-nourished adult cattle tolerate cold well but are vulnerable when in negative energy balance. Pigs tolerate cold in groups with good bedding but burn in direct sun with no shade. Providing species-appropriate protection prevents welfare emergencies while allowing beneficial outdoor access.