Large deer species including elk and moose face welfare challenges from population management, vehicle collisions, and climate-driven habitat change.
Moose with extreme tick burdens can carry hundreds of thousands of parasites, causing anemia, hair loss, and death from exsanguination. Chronic wasting disease causes progressive neurological deterioration over months. Climate change is simultaneously expanding tick range and contracting the cold winters that reduce tick populations. The welfare dimension of these ecological changes is significant.