Thoroughbred racing involves significant welfare risks; the industry is under increasing scrutiny for injuries, doping, and horse deaths.
Racehorses face injury risks from intense training, racing on artificial surfaces, and pharmaceutical interventions. Young horses raced before their musculoskeletal systems are mature have higher injury rates. Retirement placement is a significant welfare issue — many off-the-track thoroughbreds enter kill pens when not adopted by retrained-racehorse programs.