Indoor cats live longer but can suffer from boredom and obesity without adequate enrichment; creating stimulating home environments addresses this.
Indoor cats are safer from vehicles, predators, and disease but face welfare risks from under-stimulation and inactivity. Without adequate enrichment, cats may overeat, become lethargic, or develop stress-related behaviors. Providing puzzle feeders, vertical climbing structures, windows with bird activity, regular interactive play, and hiding opportunities meets behavioral needs for hunting, exploration, and play.