Carp are among the most widely farmed fish globally, but welfare standards in carp aquaculture vary enormously. Understanding their needs improves outcomes for billions of individuals.
Carp experience pain and stress much as other vertebrates do. High stocking densities common in intensive aquaculture cause fin damage, immune suppression, and behavioral abnormalities. Water quality management is critical — poor oxygenation causes gasping and prolonged distress. Stunning before slaughter is rarely practiced in carp farming, meaning most are killed by methods that cause significant suffering.