Gestation crates — individual metal stalls barely larger than a sow's body — confine pregnant pigs for months. Reform has been significant but incomplete globally.
Gestation crates prevent sows from performing fundamental behaviors including turning around, social interaction, nesting, and rooting. The chronic frustration of movement restriction and inability to express behavioral motivations constitutes ongoing suffering. Sows in crates show higher rates of stereotypic behaviors including bar-biting. Group housing with enrichment significantly improves welfare outcomes. The majority of major food companies have made commitments to phase out gestation crate pork, but implementation timelines lag behind commitments.