Trap-Neuter-Return programs are the most humane and effective method for managing feral cat populations compared to lethal culling.
Lethal control of feral cats is both cruel and ineffective. Removed cats are replaced by new individuals exploiting the same resources. TNR programs, where cats are trapped, sterilized, vaccinated, and returned, stabilize populations humanely over 5-10 years. However, TNR programs also need to address cat predation on wildlife.