Tilapia is one of the world's most farmed fish, yet welfare standards in production remain poorly developed.
Tilapia are sentient fish capable of experiencing stress and pain. Intensive farming conditions often involve high stocking densities that impair normal behavior, increase aggression, and suppress immune function. Many tilapia are killed by asphyxiation or ice stunning — methods that cause prolonged suffering. Better slaughter protocols and enriched environments could improve outcomes substantially.