Animal play behavior is a reliable indicator of positive welfare states across species.
Play is one of the most reliable behavioral indicators of positive welfare. Animals play when they feel safe, are well-fed, and have surplus energy — conditions associated with good welfare. The absence of play in captive animals is therefore a meaningful welfare indicator. Providing opportunities for play — whether through enrichment objects for farm animals, puzzle toys for companion animals, or social partners for zoo animals — creates positive welfare states while also improving physical health outcomes. The science of play is a window into positive animal welfare.