Mental enrichment is essential for companion animal welfare, with boredom causing significant psychological suffering in dogs and cats.
Companion animals left without mental stimulation experience genuine boredom and frustration that manifests as destructive behavior, excessive vocalization, and anxiety. These behaviors are not disobedience but expressions of unmet psychological needs. The psychological suffering of under-enriched companion animals is real and preventable. Enrichment does not require expensive toys — cardboard boxes, sniff opportunities, and training sessions all count.