Welfare of Animals in the Hide and Skin Trade

The global trade in animal hides and skins drives demand that affects animal welfare across cattle, reptile, and exotic species supply chains.

Key Facts

Leather production uses skins from cattle slaughtered for beef and from dedicated slaughter in some countries
Exotic skins including python, crocodile, and ostrich are harvested from both farmed and wild animals
Finishing processes including chrome tanning use toxic chemicals that pollute water systems
Vegan leather alternatives including mushroom and cactus leather are commercially available
The fashion industry accounts for a significant proportion of global leather demand

Welfare Considerations

Leather welfare is complex because most cattle leather is a byproduct of beef production — the welfare cost has already been incurred at slaughter. Dedicated slaughter for leather in some markets, however, involves animals specifically raised and killed for skin. Exotic leather involves either farmed animals in poor welfare conditions or wild-caught animals with capture welfare costs. The availability of plant-based leather alternatives makes the welfare case for transitioning clear.

What You Can Do

Choose plant-based or recycled leather alternatives for clothing and accessories
Avoid exotic leather products including python, crocodile, and ostrich
When choosing animal leather, look for byproduct supply chain transparency
Support fashion brands committed to transitioning away from animal-derived materials